looks to be the muffler and feedback set up from an air pump and canister combination. The rubber hose has a one way check valve and gets attached to the plenum to remove fumes while sitting, then the plastic body has a filter/muffler for an air pump and the other rubber hose goes to the canister and the metal hose could be the output from the air pump or another source of feedback fumes.
Dave, you are close. It is a California Emissions set-up that is used back at the gas tank on 1970 Buick GS. There was no air pump used in the system.. The plastic piece in the middle is called the seperator. It has a huge 1/2" hose that drained back to a port in the middle of the gas tank near the fuel sender connections.
Yes it is. It installs here in the pic. Two carriage bolt heads slip into the slots. Not sure if all 70's had these slots. Nver thought to look.
Dave, Not too rare, I have seen quite a few cars out there with this system. I even owned one once. Duane